[29], De rerum natura does not argue that the soul does not exist; rather, the poem claims that the soul, like all things in existence, is made up of atoms, and because these atoms will one day drift apart, the human soul is not immortal. For the documentary television series, see, Lucretius was quoted by several early Christian writers, including, List of English translations of De rerum natura, "Hortus Apertus – La fortuna – Dante e Lucrezio", "Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini" (2013), "The 2012 Pulitzer Prize Winners: General Nonfiction", "2011 National Book Award Winner, Nonfiction", "An Unearthed Treasure That Changed Things", "The Answer Man: An Ancient Poem Was Rediscovered—and the World Swerved", "Book review: 'The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_rerum_natura&oldid=993308149, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 23:10. Die Ethik wird nur am Rande behandelt. Poetry, on the other hand, is like honey, in that it is a "a sweetener that sugarcoats the bitter medicine of Epicurean philosophy and entices the audience to swallow it. It has been suggested that Dante (1265–1321) might have read Lucretius's poem, as a few verses of his Divine Comedy exhibit a great affinity with De rerum natura, but there is no conclusive evidence that Dante ever read Lucretius. This copy has been dated to the early ninth century and was produced by a Carolingian scriptorium (likely a monastery connected to the court of Charlemagne). [50] Today, Q is also housed at Leiden University. )[69], Additionally, Lucretius's work is discussed by the Augustan poet Ovid, who in his Amores writes "the verses of the sublime Lucretius will perish only when a day will bring the end of the world" (Carmina sublimis tunc sunt peritura Lucreti / exitio terras cum dabit una dies),[70] and the Silver Age poet Statius, who in his Silvae praises Lucretius as being highly "learned". [88] While he argued that Lucretius's criticism of Roman religion were "sound attacks on paganism and superstition", Lactantius claimed that they were futile against the "True Faith" of Christianity. However, the purpose of the poem is subject to ongoing scholarly debate. With this episode, the book closes; this abrupt ending suggests that Lucretius might have died before he was able to finalize and fully edit his poem.[3]. Lukrez Herkunft und soziale Stellung sind nicht gesichert; Vermutungen, die von seinem Cognomen Carus auf eine niedrige Herkunft schließen, sind ebenso wenig zu belegen wie die Annahme, Lukrez habe der Nobilität angehört. [4] Er postuliert in Weiterentwicklung des Ansatzes von Epikur einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen den Zufallsschwankungen (fortuna)[5] der Atome, die allerdings nicht sichtbar seien,[6] und dem freien Willen der Lebewesen, also zwischen Materie und Psyche. He was unable to tell his readers how to determine which of these alternatives might be the true one. [66] This has led scholars like Katharina Volk to argue that "Manilius is a veritable anti-Lucretius". [1] Additionally, in his essay "Of Books", he lists Lucretius along with Virgil, Horace, and Catullus as his four top poets. 1. [5][64][65] According to David Sedley of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "With these admiring words, Virgil neatly encapsulates four dominant themes of the poem—universal causal explanation, leading to elimination of the threats the world seems to pose, a vindication of free will, and disproof of the soul's survival after death. Chr.) Kosmologie, Kulturgeschichte Aus "De Rerum Natura" liest Gert Heidenreich, der Schriftsteller mit einer der hierzulande bekanntesten und beliebtesten Vorlese-Stimmen. Buch II, 122 ff. These remnants were discovered among the Epicurean library in the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum. Because, as W. H. D. Rouse notes, "the fragments are so minute and bear so few certainly identifiable letters", at this point in time "some scepticism about their proposed authorship seems pardonable and prudent. )[18], The state of the poem as it currently exists suggests that it was released in an unfinished state. ISBN 0133923908. De rerum natura (Latin: [deːˈreːrʊ̃n.naːˈtuːraː]; On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. [13] Memmius was also a tribune in 66, praetor in 58, governor of Bithynia in 57, and was a candidate for the consulship in 54 but was disqualified for bribery, and Stearns suggests that the warm relationship between patron and client may have cooled (sed tua me virtus tamen et sperata voluptas / suavis amicitiae quemvis efferre laborem, "But still your merit, and as I hope, the joy / Of our sweet friendship, urge me to any toil"). Historians of science, however, have been critical of the limitations of his Epicurean approach to science, especially as it pertained to astronomical topics, which he relegated to the class of "unclear" objects. Epicurus maintained that the unhappiness and degradation of humans arose largely from the dread which they entertained of the power of the deities, from terror of their wrath, which was supposed to be displayed by the misfortunes inflicted in this life, by the everlasting tortures that were the lot of the guilty in a future state, or where these feelings were not strongly developed, from a vague dread of gloom and misery after death. In that case, nature would never have produced anything. 0 Reviews. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND and study questions for DRN Jahrhundert v. Chr. But if they were not in the habit of swerving, they would all fall straight down through the depths of the void, like drops of rain, and no collision would occur, nor would any blow be produced among the atoms. Der lateinische Autor Lukrez und sein grandioses Weltgedicht: „De rerum natura“ erklärt die Natur und die Schönheit des Lebens, doch auch die Entstehung von Seuchen. The first three books provide a fundamental account of being and nothingness, matter and space, the atoms and their movement, the infinity of the universe both as regards time and space, the regularity of reproduction (no prodigies, everything in its proper habitat), the nature of mind (animus, directing thought) and spirit (anima, sentience) as material bodily entities, and their mortality, since, according to Lucretius, they and their functions (consciousness, pain) end with the bodies that contain them and with which they are interwoven. Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb. Über die Natur der Dinge (deutsche Übersetzung von Hermann Diels, 1924), Marcus Deufert bietet 2019 im 'Lesetext' seiner jüngsten. Jahrhundert v. Chr. [1], The Italian scholar Guido Billanovich demonstrated that Lucretius' poem was well known in its entirety by Lovato Lovati (1241–1309) and some other Paduan pre-humanists during the thirteenth century. Lucretius wrote this epic poem to "Memmius", who may be Gaius Memmius, who in 58 BC was a praetor, a judicial official deciding controversies between citizens and the government. [5] In response, many scholars argue that the poet uses Venus poetically as a metonym. If Lucretius's poem were to be definitely placed at the Villa of the Papyri, it would suggest that it was studied by the Neapolitan Epicurean school. [23] Regardless, due to the ideas espoused in the poem, much of Lucretius's work was seen by many as direct a challenge to theistic, Christian belief. Lucretius then dedicates time to exploring the axiom that nothing can be produced from nothing, and that nothing can be reduced to nothing (Nil fieri ex nihilo, in nihilum nil posse reverti). quae mare navigerum, quae terras frugiferentis. This wrath was supposed to be displayed by the misfortunes inflicted in this life and by the everlasting tortures that were the lot of the guilty in a future state (or, where these feelings were not strongly developed, from a vague dread of gloom and misery after death). »De rerum natura ist der größte epikureische Text und die ausführlichste Darstellung der antiken Atomlehre, die von Demokrit und Leukipp herrührend sich letztlich nicht gegen die unmaterialistisc [88] The Early Christian apologist Lactantius, in particular, heavily cites and critiques Lucretius in his The Divine Institutes and its Epitome, as well as his De ira Dei. [94], Notable figures who owned copies include Ben Jonson whose copy is held at the Houghton Library, Harvard; and Thomas Jefferson, who owned at least five Latin editions and English, Italian and French translations. Lukrez – Über die Natur der Dinge in der Übersetzung von Hermann Diels, 1924; Werk bei Perseus Project (lateinisch und englisch); On the Nature of Things (englische Übersetzung von William Ellery Leonard) im Project Gutenberg (für … Lukrez: Von der Natur der Dinge, 1. "[23] Some Christian apologists viewed De rerum natura as an atheist manifesto and a dangerous foil to be thwarted. The poem consists of six untitled books, in dactylic hexameter. [86][87], Because Lucretius was critical of religion and the claim of an immortal soul, his poem was disparaged by most early Church Fathers. "[46] However, Kleve contends that four of the six books are represented in the fragments, which he argues is reason to assume that the entire poem was at one time kept in the library. On the Nature of Things, long poem written in Latin as De rerum natura by Lucretius that sets forth the physical theory of the Greek philosopher Epicurus. This meant that humans had nothing to fear from them. Weidmann, 1924. [3], In the third book, the general concepts proposed thus far are applied to demonstrate that the vital and intellectual principles, the Anima and Animus, are as much a part of us as are our limbs and members, but like those limbs and members have no distinct and independent existence, and that hence soul and body live and perish together; the book concludes by arguing that the fear of death is a folly, as death merely extinguishes all feeling—both the good and the bad. [90][91] (About a century later, the British historian and Doctor of the Church Bede produced a work also called De natura rerum, partly based on Isidore's work but apparently ignorant of Lucretius's poem. Lukrez wendet sich gegen die deterministische, von der Idee göttlicher Durchdringung und göttlichen Wirkens des Kosmos[3] beherrschte Weltsicht der Stoa: Die Welt sei viel zu mangelhaft, um von Göttern erschaffen zu sein. Denn Köper nur gibt es und Leeres - omnis ut igitur per se natura duabus constitit in rebus; nam corpora sunt et inane". [4][5] By recalling the opening to poems by Homer, Ennius, and Hesiod (all of which begin with an invocation to the Muses), the proem to De rerum natura conforms to epic convention. [1][38] According to Lucretius, this unpredictable swerve occurs at no fixed place or time: When atoms move straight down through the void by their own weight, they deflect a bit in space at a quite uncertain time and in uncertain places, just enough that you could say that their motion has changed. It has been established after fresh collation of the manuscripts and a critical evaluation of previous editorial scholarship. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 8. Über die Natur der Dinge: (De rerum natura) | Lukrez | ISBN: 9783843065689 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. OUTLINE of DRN . Other printed editions followed soon after. [47] The oldest—and, according to David Butterfield, most famous—of these is the Codex Oblongus, often called O. "[16][17] (Of note, Lucretius repeats these 25 lines, almost verbatim, in the introduction to the fourth book. De rerum natura 1. Online bestellen oder in der Filiale abholen. Das Werk besteht aus sechs Büchern von je nachdem auch deutlich über 1000 Versen Länge,[2] die in drei Buchpaare geteilt werden können: Das Werk stellt die Physik, Psychologie und Kulturtheorie Epikurs dar. De rerum natura (deutsch Über die Natur der Dinge oder Vom Wesen des Weltalls) ist ein aus dem 1. Religion die Mutter greulicher Taten“[1]), geprägt von der materialistischen Atomlehre der griechischen Antike und verkündet, dass die Götter weder in der Lage noch willens sind, sich in das Leben der Menschen einzumischen. Buch - deutsch . : "de nihilo quoniam fieri nihil posse videmus. LUCRETIUS, EPICURUS AND EPICUREANISM. To remove these fears, and thus to establish tranquillity in the heart, was the purpos… According to the Epicurean canon, the fear of death must also becountered, and the rational management of pleasures … De rerum natura (I) De rerum natura (II) De rerum natura (III) BIOGRAPHY of Lucretius and basic information about his work. [31][32], Thus, he began his discussion by claiming that he would, explain by what forces nature steers the courses of the Sun and the journeyings of the Moon, so that we shall not suppose that they run their yearly races between heaven and earth of their own free will [i.e., are gods themselves] or that they are rolled round in furtherance of some divine plan....[33], However, when he set out to put this plan into practice, he limited himself to showing how one, or several different, naturalistic accounts could explain certain natural phenomena. Das Lehrgedicht De rerum natura („Über die Natur der Dinge“) des römischen Dichters Lukrez ist die bedeutendste und eingängigste Darstellung der antiken Atomlehre. [19] For instance, the poem concludes rather abruptly while detailing the Plague of Athens, there are redundant passages throughout (e.g., 1.820–821 and 2.1015–1016) alongside other aesthetic “loose ends”, and at 5.155 Lucretius mentions that he will spend a great deal of time discussing the nature of the gods, which never comes to pass. [10] The German classicists Ivo Bruns and Samuel Brandt set forth an alternative theory that Lucretius did at first write the poem with Memmius in mind, but that his enthusiasm for his patron cooled over time. In the work, Greenblatt argues that Poggio Bracciolini's discovery of De rerum natura reintroduced important ideas that sparked the modern age. Lucretius refers to Memmius by name four times in the first book, three times in the second, five in the fifth, and not at all in the third, fourth, or sixth books. 1: beweises Schwimmender Fisch 370399 Mahnung an … für Nutzer aus Deutschland derzeit i.d.R. Lucretius has been credited with originating the concept of the three-age system that was formalised in 1836 by C. J. Thomsen. Mutter der Aeneaden, o Wonne der Menschen und Götter, Holde Venus! Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [28][29] She qualifies her use of this term, cautioning that it is not to be used to say that Lucretius was himself an atheist in the modern sense of the word, nor that atheism is a teleological necessity, but rather that many of his ideas were taken up by 19th, 20th, and 21st century atheists. [97], In 2011, the historian and literary scholar Stephen Greenblatt wrote a popular history book about the poem, entitled The Swerve: How the World Became Modern. voluntas). Diese Gesamtdarstellung der epikureischen Philosophie von Lukrez hat im entscheidenden Maße dazu beigetragen, das epikkureischen Denken späteren Jahrhunderten zu vermitteln und stellt neben einem Brief an Herodot die wichtigste Quelle epikureischer Physik dar. [49] The second of these ninth-century manuscripts is the Codex Quadratus, often called Q. Molière produced a verse translation which does not survive; John Evelyn translated the first book. [7], After the opening, the poem commences with an enunciation of the proposition on the nature and being of the deities, which leads to an invective against the evils of superstition. "[37] His naturalistic explanations were meant to bolster the ethical and philosophical ideas of Epicureanism, not to reveal true explanations of the physical world.[36]. Lucretius thus argues that death is simply annihilation, and that there is no afterlife. [23] However, at that time the label was extremely broad and did not necessarily mean a denial of divine entities (for example, some large Christian sects labelled dissenting groups as atheists). Lucretius attempts to allow for free will in his physicalistic universe by postulating an indeterministic tendency for atoms to veer randomly (Latin: clinamen, literally "the turning aside of a thing", but often translated as "the swerve"). Lucretius: De Rerum Natura I. Aeneadum genetrix, hominum divomque voluptas, alma Venus, caeli subter labentia signa. Band 3: Kommentar Bücher 4–6, Addenda, Indices und Bibliographie. Additionally, although only published in 1996, Lucy Hutchinson's translation of De rerum natura was in all likelihood the first in English and was most likely completed some time in the late 1640s or 1650s. Lukrez-Über die Natur der Dinge (De rerum natura) (55 v. "[35], Despite his advocacy of empiricism and his many correct conjectures about atomism and the nature of the physical world, Lucretius concludes his first book stressing the absurdity of the (by then well-established) round earth theory, favor instead a flat earth cosmology. But to lay down which of them it is lies beyond the range of our stumbling progress. [58] This is because De rerum natura was rediscovered in January 1417 by Poggio Bracciolini, who probably found the poem in the Benedictine library at Fulda. [98][99][100] The book was well-received, and later earned the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and the 2011 National Book Award for Nonfiction. [34] For instance, when considering the reason for stellar movements, Lucretius provides two possible explanations: that the sky itself rotates, or that the sky as a whole is stationary while constellations move. TITVS LVCRETIVS CARVS (c. 94 – c. 49 B.C.) These phenomena are the result of regular, but purposeless motions and interactions of tiny atoms in empty space. Demnach lebten die Menschen zunächst in einem tierähnlichen Zustand, ohne Sprache, Erkenntnis und sozialen Zusammenhalt, die sich erst später durch die Erfahrung entwickelten. Nach der Erklärung über die Natur und den Aufbau der Seele folgt der Beweis für ihre Sterblichkeit. [6] The choice to address Venus may have been due to Empedocles's belief that Aphrodite represents "the great creative force in the cosmos". Buch - deutsch : 1. [36], Drawing on these, and other passages, William Stahl considered that "The anomalous and derivative character of the scientific portions of Lucretius' poem makes it reasonable to conclude that his significance should be judged as a poet, not as a scientist. [3], The sixth book contains an explanation of some of the most striking natural appearances, especially thunder, lightning, hail, rain, snow, ice, cold, heat, wind, earthquakes, volcanoes, springs and localities noxious to animal life, which leads to a discourse upon diseases. [48] O is currently housed at Leiden University. Übersetzungen › Lukrez › De rerum natura (V) (7) › 348. concipitur visitque exortum lumina solis: 5. te, dea, te fugiunt venti, te nubila caeli. Lukrez, De rerum natura Titus Lucretius Carus: kaum verlässliche Informationen über die Vita von Lukrez Lebensdaten vielleicht 97–55 v. Chr. Very little is known … [62][63], It is also believed that the Roman poet Virgil referenced Lucretius and his work in the second book of his Georgics when he wrote: "Happy is he who has discovered the causes of things and has cast beneath his feet all fears, unavoidable fate, and the din of the devouring Underworld" (felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas/atque metus omnis et inexorabile fatum/subiecit pedibus strepitumque Acherontis avari). [1] Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and terrestrial phenomena. [101][102], "On the Nature of Things" redirects here. La elección de Venus no es en absoluto banal y está cargada de significado simbólico. Lucretius divided his argument into six He likens the physical body to a vessel that holds both the mind (mens) and spirit (anima). [3] Lucretius identifies the supernatural with the notion that the deities created our world or interfere with its operations in some way. [54] However, while O is a direct descendant of the archetype,[54] Q and S are believed to have both been derived from a manuscript (Ψ) that in turn had been derived from a damaged and modified version of the archetype (ΩI). Lukrez wollte damit eine Philosophie vermitteln, die dem Menschen Gemütsruhe und Gelassenheit gibt und ihm die Furcht vor dem Tode und den Göttern nimmt, die aus der Unkenntnis des Menschen über seine Stellung in der Welt, über die Natur und das Wesen entspringt und folglich durch Aufklärung überwunden werden muss. [13][14], There is a certain irony to the poem, namely that while Lucretius extols the virtue of the Epicurean school of thought, Epicurus himself had advised his acolytes from penning poetry because he believed it to make that which was simple overly complicated. TEXTS OF DE RERUM NATURA. )[92], Montaigne owned a Latin edition published in Paris, in 1563, by Denis Lambin which he heavily annotated. BIOGRAPHY of Epicurus. Since that nothingness (which he likens to a deep, peaceful sleep) caused us no pain or discomfort, we should not fear the same nothingness that will follow our own demise:[5], According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Lucretius sees those who fear death as embracing the fallacious assumption that they will be present in some sense "to regret and bewail [their] own non-existence. Bohn Collection americana Digitizing sponsor Google Book from the collections of Harvard University Language English. [5] Given that Lucretius goes on to argue that the gods are removed from human life, many have thus seen this opening to be contradictory: how can Lucretius pray to Venus and then deny that the gods listen to or care about human affairs? [66] What is more, Manilius also seems to suggest throughout this poem that his work is superior to that of Lucretius's. [22], After the poem was rediscovered and made its rounds across Europe and beyond, numerous thinkers began to see Lucretius's Epicureanism as a "threat synonymous with atheism. The De rerum natura is, as its title confirms, a work ofphysics, written in the venerable tradition of Greek treatises Onnature. De Rerum Natura II, 287; meist zitiert als "Von nichts kommt nichts" Original lat. Lukrez: De rerum natura / Welt aus Atomen, 637 S., 16,80 Euro. Nevertheless, Lucretius writes as a complete Epicurean,offering his reader not just cosmological understanding but the fullrecipe for happiness. The title of Lucretius’s work translates that of the chief work of Epicurus, Peri physeōs (On Nature). Quelle: De rerum natura . nicht abrufbar, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_rerum_natura&oldid=192074727, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Das sechsbändige, in Form von daktylischen Hexametern verfasste Lehrgedicht gibt die Naturphilosophie Epikurs wieder. [55][56], While there exist a handful of references to Lucretius in Romance and Germanic sources dating between the ninth and fifteenth centuries (references that, according to Ada Palmer, "indicate a tenacious, if spotty knowledge of the poet and some knowledge of [his] poem"), no manuscripts of De rerum natura currently survive from this span of time. Nach Berichten des Hieronymus soll das Werk durch den berühmten römischen Redner Cicero korrigiert (emendiert) und nach dem Tod des Lukrez 50 v. Chr. However, Memmius' name is central to several critical verses in the poem, and this theory has therefore been largely discredited. Lucrecio, De rerum natura. De rerum natura (deutsch Ãœber die Natur der Dinge oder Vom Wesen des Weltalls) ist ein aus dem 1. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic language and metaphors. "; meist zitiert als "de/ex nihilo nihil fit" oder "nihil de/ex nihilo fit" LATIN TEXT of De Rerum Natura. [89] Lactantius also disparages the science of De rerum natura (as well as of Epicureanism in general), calls Lucretius "the most worthless of the poets" (poeta inanissimus), notes that he is unable to read more than a few lines of De rerum natura without laughing, and sarcastically asks, "Who would think that [Lucretius] had a brain when he said these things? Alle Exponate sind inspiriert von Textpassagen aus dem Werk des römischen Dichters und Philosophen Lukrez, verfasst im 1. Übersetzung: Hermann Diels, 1924 [42] If this were the case, then it might explain how Cicero came to be familiar with Lucretius's work. [27] The historian Ada Palmer has labelled six ideas in Lucretius's thought (viz. Volltext Philosophie: Lukrez: Über die Natur der Dinge. Jahrhundert v. Chr. quae quoniam rerum naturam sola gubernas nec sine te quicquam dias in luminis oras exoritur neque fit laetum neque amabile quicquam, te sociam studeo scribendis versibus esse, 25 quos ego de rerum natura pangere conor Memmiadae nostro, quem tu, dea, tempore in omni omnibus ornatum voluisti excellere rebus. [3], The fifth book is described by Ramsay as the most finished and impressive,[3] while Stahl argues that its "puerile conceptions" is proof that Lucretius should be judged as a poet, not as a scientist. [15] Near the end of his first book, Lucretius defends his fusion of Epicureanism and poetry with a simile, arguing that the philosophy he espouses is like a medicine: life-saving but often unpleasant. [11][12] Stearns suggests that this is because Memmius reneged on a promise to pay for a new school to be built on the site of the old Epicurean school. [95] His influence is especially notable in the work of the Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana, who praised Lucretius—along with Dante and Goethe—in his book Three Philosophical Poets,[96] although he openly admired the poet's system of physics more so than his spiritual musings (referring to the latter as "fumbling, timid and sad").